Acta Physica

Acta Physica chronicles the development of the theory of Holeums - theorized stable, quantized gravitational bound states of micro black holes.

The Holeum was first proposed in 2002 [Class. Quantum Grav. 19 2927, arXiv:gr-qc/0308054]. Holeums range in size from ultra-microscopic particles that inhabit the quantum realm to supermassive bound states that contain billions of solar masses. Look here for a brief overview.

Section 1: Introducing Holeums: Stable, quantized gravitational bound states of Micro Black Holes

• 1.1 – Gravitational bound states of Micro Black Holes
• 1.1.1 – The Choice of the Theory
• 1.1.2 – The classical or the quantum nature of the system
• 1.1.3 – The fi…nite size of the black holes
• 1.1.4 – The form of the potential inside and outside the bound state and the Bound State Wisdom (BSW)
• 1.1.5 – Benchmarking the BSW: A Paradigm Of the Truncated Hydrogen Atom (POTHA)
• 1.2 – A stable Holeum
• 1.3 – Gravitational Radiation
• 1.4 – Dark matter and domain walls
• 1.5 – Conclusions

Section 2: The intensity of the Gravitational Radiation emitted by a Holeum

• 2.1 – Intensity of electromagnetic quadrupole radiation
• 2.2 – Transition to Holeum

Section 3: Holeum Formation – A Gedanken experiment: Evolution of a black hole population in a gedanken universe

• 3.1 – Black holes in a fi…nite, static universe
• 3.2 – The modifi…ed Hawking evaporation equation for black holes in a fi…nite static universe
• 3.3 – The modi…fied Hawking evaporation equation for black holes in a fi…nite static universe with blackbody radiation
• 3.4 – Consequences of an expanding universe
• 3.4.1 – Consequences of an expanding universe on the temperature T of the background radiation
• 3.4.2 – Consequences of an expanding universe on the number density of primordial black holes
• 3.5 – A Note on Primordial Black Hole Velocities
• 3.6 – Holeum Formation

Section 4: From the Quantum realm to the Astrophysical scale: Introducing the Macro Holeum

• 4.1 – Constructing a Macro Holeum from the inside out
• 4.2 – The Black Holeum
• 4.3 – The Macro Holeum occupies space
• 4.4 – The “screening factor” and the mass of a Macro Holeum
• 4.5 – Properties of Macro Holeums
• 4.6 – Properties of Black Holeums
• 4.7 – The Density of the Macro Holeum
• 4.8 – The Energy Bands of the Macro Holeum
• 4.9 – The determination of the parameters of a Macro Holeum from the frequency band spectrum
• 4.10 – Can LIGO detect the gravitational radiation emitted by Holeums and Black Holeums?
• 4.11 – The Macro Holeum’s ground state and line spectra